PREVENTION
While neither Rheumatoid arthritis nor osteoarthritis can be completely prevented, one can reduce the risks by becoming physically active, participating in physical therapy, losing weight and eating healthy. All individuals who have pain in the joints should seek early diagnosis because the earlier the treatment is started, the better is the prognosis. Physical examination may confirm the diagnosis, or may indicate systemic disease. Radiographs are often used to follow progression or assess severity in a more quantitative manner.
MEDICATION
Physicians usually start with drugs which have the fewest side effects. As the arthritis progresses, you may need stronger medications.
Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs are usually the drugs of first choice. These drugs help decrease inflammation and reduce pain. Over the counter medications like Ibuprofen or Aleve do help but most people require stronger prescription painkillers like Celebrex or tramadol. While these drugs are effective, they are also associated with a variety of side effects like abdominal pain, bleeding, ulcers, liver and kidney damage. Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs should not be used for prolonged periods without proper physician supervision.
Corticosteroids are frequently prescribed for individuals with arthritis. These potent drugs can help reduce inflammation and slow down joint damage. However, corticosteroids have potent side effects which range from ulcer, skin bruising, weight gain, cataracts, bone thinning, diabetes and hypertension. Corticosteroids are usually given for a short time to help reduce acute symptoms.
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) can help slow down progression of rheumatoid arthritis and joint damage. The most common DMARDs include methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall), leflunomide (Arava), hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) and minocycline (Dynacin, Minocin). All these drugs have side effects which include liver damage, bone marrow suppression and possibility of opportunistic infections.
Immunosuppressants like cyclosporine and cyclophosphamide suppress potent cells of the body and help decrease the inflammation. These medications do help treat severe arthritis but also make one prone to infections.
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors have been shown to reduce inflammation, pain, morning stiffness and swelling of joints. Drugs like etanercept (Enbrel), infliximab (Remicade) and adalimumab (Humira) can significantly improve quality of life. The most common side effects from these drugs include pain at site of injection, heart failure and increased risk of infection.
LIFE STYLE CHANGES
The treatment of arthritis begins at home and all individuals should make changes in life style to adapt to the disease. Lifestyle measures can help one lead a better quality of life and manage symptoms without taking too many medications. Exercises are highly recommended on a regular basis for all individual with arthritis. The exercises should be gentle and help increase range of motion and physical strength. Daily exercises can help one fight fatigue. If you are unable to participate in intense exercise, start with walking or swimming. Many public pools offer swimming classes.
Relaxing is one the best ways to cope with arthritis. Available techniques for relaxation include hypnosis, acupuncture, imagery, yoga or Tai chi. All these techniques are easy to learn and can be done at home. Also, understand your limits and rest when you are tired as sleep is essential for all patients with arthritis. Learn to connect with people carrying the same disease. There are ample support groups which can help individuals with arthritis.
Save time for yourself. Do something that you like for a change- go for walk, read, listen to music or surf the Net. Spending time by yourself will help you reduce stress and reflect on your disorder
